Mineral acid for nitration, sulphonation & process use
Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) Supplier & Distributor in India & Worldwide
Chelora Agrochem is a trusted Sulfuric Acid supplier and distributor in India, connecting buyers with commercial and battery grade material sourced from leading, quality-approved manufacturers. Our 98% sulphuric acid comes with controlled iron and chloride levels, full documentation and reliable bulk supply across India and to buyers worldwide.
As a specialised distributor of chemical products, we do not manufacture in-house — instead we source only from reliable, audited manufacturers, giving you dependable material, competitive pricing and a single point of contact for all your H2SO4 requirements, backed by COA, MSDS and TDS on every order.
- CAS number
- 7664-93-9
- Formula
- H2SO4
- Molecular weight
- 98.08 g/mol
- Purity
- 98% min
Quick product specifications
Sulfuric Acid at a glance
Identifiers, physical data and trade codes for H2SO4. Batch-specific figures are confirmed on the Certificate of Analysis supplied with each consignment, in India and on export shipments alike.
- Chemical name
- Sulfuric Acid
- CAS number
- 7664-93-9
- Molecular formula
- H2SO4
- Molecular weight
- 98.08 g/mol
- IUPAC name
- Sulfuric acid
- EC number
- 231-639-5
- HS code
- 2807 00National subheading as per destination
- UN number
- UN 1830Sulphuric acid with more than 51% acid · Class 8, PG II
- Appearance
- Clear colourless to pale yellow oily liquidOdourless, viscous and markedly denser than water
- Melting point
- About 3 °C
- Boiling point
- About 337 °C
- Density
- About 1.84 g/cm³98% grade, 20 °C
- Flash point
- Not applicableNon-combustible, but attacks many metals and releases hydrogen
- Solubility
- Miscible with water in all proportionsDilution is strongly exothermic — always add acid to water, never water to acid
- Purity
- 98% min
- Synonyms
- H2SO4Sulphuric acid · Oil of vitriol · Hydrogen sulfate
- Product form
- Bulk liquid
- Documentation
- COA, MSDS & TDSSupplied with every order
Product overview
What is Sulfuric Acid?
Sulfuric Acid is the most widely produced industrial chemical in the world, and the quiet backbone of most of the intermediates on this site. It works as a strong acid, a dehydrating agent and a sulphonating agent, and in mixed acid it is what makes aromatic nitration possible at all.
With the formula H2SO4 (CAS 7664-93-9), it is a clear colourless to pale yellow oily liquid of density about 1.84 g/cm³ at 98% strength, boiling near 337 °C and miscible with water in all proportions. Dilution releases a great deal of heat, which is why acid is always added to water and never the other way round.
Commercially it is sold by strength rather than by purity alone: 98% commercial grade for general process use, dilute battery grade, and oleum where free sulphur trioxide is needed. Buyers specifying it for nitration or sulphonation also watch iron, chloride and reducing substances, since these carry straight through into the product.
How it is made
Sulphuric acid is made by the contact process. Sulphur is burned to sulphur dioxide, which is catalytically oxidised to sulphur trioxide over vanadium pentoxide, and the trioxide is absorbed into concentrated sulphuric acid to give oleum. The oleum is then diluted with water to the strength required.
What that means for your process
- Consistent strength, so your charge calculations hold batch to batch
- Controlled iron and chloride for nitration and sulphonation duty
- Low reducing substances and low residue on ignition
- Carboys, drums or bulk tankers to suit your unloading system
Applications
What is Sulfuric Acid used for?
Sulphuric acid is used across almost every branch of chemical manufacture. Its main applications, industry by industry, include:
Nitration & sulphonation
In mixed acid it generates the nitronium ion; on its own it sulphonates aromatics.
- Mixed acid nitration with nitric acid
- Sulphonation of benzene, naphthalene and toluene
- Dehydrating agent and acid catalyst
Fertilizers & inorganic processing
The largest tonnage outlet worldwide, by a wide margin.
- Phosphoric acid and single superphosphate
- Ammonium sulphate and aluminium sulphate
- Ore leaching in copper and zinc processing
Industrial & process uses
From steel mills to water treatment plants to battery manufacture.
- Lead-acid battery electrolyte
- Steel pickling and metal surface treatment
- pH correction, resin regeneration and effluent treatment
Process route
How is sulphuric acid used in aromatic nitration?
Mixed acid nitration is where sulphuric acid earns its place in a fine chemical plant. It protonates nitric acid and strips out water to generate the nitronium ion, which is the species that actually attacks the aromatic ring — and it then soaks up the water the reaction produces, keeping the system active.
Sulfuric Acid
Charged as the protonating and dehydrating medium. Strength and iron content decide batch quality.
H2SO4Mixed acid
Blended with nitric acid, generating the nitronium ion in situ.
HNO3 / H2SO4Nitration
The aromatic substrate is nitrated under closely controlled temperature.
NO2+Nitroaromatic intermediate
Chloronitrobenzenes and related intermediates; spent acid is recovered and reconcentrated.
PNCB / ONCBIn depth
Sulfuric Acid applications by industry
Below is a detailed breakdown of where H2SO4 is used and the role it plays in each downstream product.
| Industry | Typical downstream products | Role of H2SO4 |
|---|---|---|
| Dyes, agro & fine chemicals | Nitroaromatic and sulphonated intermediates | Nitration & sulphonation medium |
| Fertilizers | Phosphoric acid, superphosphate, ammonium sulphate | Process acid |
| Metals & mining | Pickling liquors, leach solutions, metal refining | Process acid |
| Batteries & energy | Lead-acid battery electrolyte | Electrolyte |
| Water & effluent treatment | pH correction, ion-exchange resin regeneration | Treatment chemical |
Safety
Is Sulfuric Acid hazardous?
Yes, seriously so. Sulphuric acid causes severe skin burns and eye damage on contact, and is corrosive to many metals. Mists of strong inorganic acids containing sulphuric acid are classified as carcinogenic to humans, so vapour and mist control matters as much as splash protection.
Sulphuric acid should be stored in correctly specified containers — the right liner or alloy for the strength involved — in a cool, dry, bunded and ventilated area away from water, strong bases, organic materials, oxidisers, metals and chlorates. Handle it with acid-resistant gloves, goggles and a face shield, apron and boots, with an eyewash and safety shower within immediate reach. Dilution must always be done by adding acid slowly to water with stirring; the reverse boils and spatters acid violently. A full MSDS is supplied with every order.
Signal word: Danger
Causes severe skin burns and eye damage · may be corrosive to metals · mists of strong inorganic acid are classified as carcinogenic to humans
Safe-handling essentials
- Acid-resistant gloves, goggles and face shield, apron and boots
- Eyewash and safety shower within immediate reach of every transfer point
- Always add acid to water, never water to acid — dilution is violently exothermic
- Ventilate and control mist; acid mist is the carcinogenic hazard
- Keep away from strong bases, organic materials, oxidisers and chlorates
- Use only compatible materials of construction — it attacks many metals and releases hydrogen
- Bund all storage and prevent release to drains, soil and waterways
- Transport as UN 1830, class 8, packing group II
Grades
Sulfuric Acid grades & technical specifications
We supply sulphuric acid in 98% commercial grade for general process use, in dilute battery grade, and in tightened low-iron grades for nitration and fine chemical work.
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Assay (as H2SO4) | 98% min |
| Appearance | Clear colourless to pale yellow liquid |
| Colour (APHA / Hazen) | 30 max |
| Iron (as Fe) | 50 ppm max |
| Chloride (as Cl) | 10 ppm max |
| Nitrate (as NO3) | 10 ppm max |
| Reducing substances (as SO2) | 40 ppm max |
| Residue on ignition | 0.02% max |
Note: Values are representative. Batch-specific figures are provided on the Certificate of Analysis (COA) supplied with each consignment.
Supply
Packaging, MOQ & supply
From trial quantities for process validation to repeat container loads on contract — packed, documented and dispatched to your plant in India or overseas.
Packaging
35 kg and 50 kg HDPE carboys, 250 kg HDPE or lined drums, and bulk in lined road tankers and ISO tank containers.
Minimum order quantity
Flexible — single carboys for trials through to bulk tanker loads.
Shelf life
Indefinite shelf life in sealed, correctly specified containers stored cool, dry and away from incompatible materials.
Dispatch
Pan-India dispatch and worldwide export with complete dangerous-goods documentation and logistics support.
Why buy from us
Why choose Chelora as your H2SO4 supplier?
As an established Sulfuric Acid supplier and distributor based in India and shipping worldwide, we work with a wide network of trusted manufacturers to combine consistent quality with dependable service. More about Chelora Agrochem.
High purity, every batch
98% min assay, sourced only from quality-approved manufacturers we have worked with and audited.
Full documentation
COA, MSDS and TDS travel with every order, so your QA and EHS teams are never chasing paperwork.
Reliable bulk supply, flexible MOQ
Single packs for process trials through to repeat container loads on schedule.
Worldwide supply
Export-grade packing, dangerous-goods documentation and on-time dispatch to plants across Asia, the Middle East, Europe, Africa and the Americas.
Technical & safe-handling support
Guidance on strength selection, materials of construction, dilution practice and PPE from a team that handles mineral acids daily.
One point of contact
Source H2SO4 alongside your other intermediates — one enquiry, one team, one invoice.
Ordering
How to order Sulfuric Acid from Chelora
Ordering is simple and fast — most enquiries are answered with pricing and availability within 24 hours.
- 1
Send your enquiry
Tell us the grade, quantity and application you are buying for.
- 2
Receive a quotation
We send pricing along with the COA and MSDS for your review.
- 3
Request a sample
Test suitability for your process before you commit to a bulk order.
- 4
Confirm the order
Lock in quantity, packaging and delivery preference.
- 5
Dispatch & tracking
We dispatch with full documentation and keep you updated until delivery.
Documentation
Sulfuric Acid MSDS & COA
A summary of key safety information and a representative Certificate of Analysis. The complete 16-section Safety Data Sheet and the actual batch COA are supplied with each shipment — and both are sent with your quotation when you ask for a quote.
Safety data summary (MSDS)
| Section | Details |
|---|---|
| Hazard classification | Skin corrosion cat. 1A; serious eye damage cat. 1; corrosive to metals cat. 1. Strong inorganic acid mists containing sulphuric acid are classified as carcinogenic to humans |
| Signal word | Danger |
| First aid — inhalation | Move to fresh air; keep at rest in a half-upright position; get immediate medical attention |
| First aid — skin | Flush with copious running water for at least 15 minutes while removing clothing; get immediate medical attention |
| First aid — eyes | Rinse immediately with running water for at least 15 minutes; get immediate medical attention |
| Handling | Full acid PPE; mist control and ventilation; add acid to water only; eyewash and shower at hand |
| Storage | Cool, dry, bunded and ventilated; away from water, bases, organics, oxidisers & metals |
| Environment | Severe local pH effects; neutralise spills and prevent release to drains / waterways |
| Transport | UN 1830; class 8; packing group II |
Certificate of Analysis (representative)
| Test parameter | Specification | Method |
|---|---|---|
| Assay (as H2SO4) | 98% min | Titrimetric |
| Appearance | Clear colourless to pale yellow | Visual |
| Colour (APHA) | 30 max | Comparator |
| Iron (as Fe) | 50 ppm max | AAS |
| Chloride (as Cl) | 10 ppm max | Turbidimetric |
| Residue on ignition | 0.02% max | Gravimetric |
The actual batch COA is supplied with each shipment.
FAQ
Frequently asked questions
Common questions from buyers specifying sulphuric acid for chemical synthesis, fertilizer, metal treatment and battery applications.
What is sulfuric acid used for?
Sulphuric acid is used as the nitration and sulphonation medium for dye, agrochemical and fine chemical intermediates, as the process acid for phosphoric acid and fertilizers, for steel pickling and ore leaching, as lead-acid battery electrolyte, and for pH correction and resin regeneration in water treatment.
What is the CAS number of sulfuric acid?
The CAS number is 7664-93-9 and the molecular formula is H2SO4, with a molecular weight of 98.08 g/mol. Its EC number is 231-639-5.
How is sulfuric acid made?
By the contact process. Sulphur is burned to sulphur dioxide, which is catalytically oxidised to sulphur trioxide over a vanadium pentoxide catalyst. The trioxide is absorbed into concentrated sulphuric acid to form oleum, which is then diluted with water to the required strength.
Is sulfuric acid hazardous?
Yes. It causes severe skin burns and eye damage on contact and is corrosive to many metals, and mists of strong inorganic acids containing sulphuric acid are classified as carcinogenic to humans. Use full acid PPE, mist control and bunded storage, and keep an eyewash and safety shower at every transfer point; we supply a full MSDS with every order.
Why must you add acid to water and never water to acid?
Because diluting sulphuric acid releases a large amount of heat. Adding acid slowly into a larger volume of water spreads that heat through the water, which carries it away safely. Adding water to concentrated acid concentrates the heat in a thin surface layer, which can flash to steam and throw concentrated acid out of the vessel.
What is the difference between 98% acid, battery acid and oleum?
They differ in strength. 98% commercial grade is the standard concentrated acid used for most process work. Battery acid is a dilute solution, typically around 30 to 37%, made to a tight specific gravity for lead-acid cells. Oleum is concentrated acid carrying dissolved free sulphur trioxide, used where extra sulphonating or dehydrating power is needed, as in mixed acid nitration.
Do you provide COA and MSDS for sulfuric acid?
Yes, we provide a batch-specific COA and MSDS with every order, plus technical support on grade selection and materials of construction.
Do you supply and export sulfuric acid?
Yes, we supply sulphuric acid across India in carboys, drums and bulk tankers, and export internationally with complete dangerous-goods documentation, sourced from reliable manufacturers.
Request a quote or sample
Need a reliable H2SO4 supplier?
Looking for a dependable Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) supplier and distributor — in India or anywhere we export to? Tell us the grade and quantity you need — our team responds with competitive bulk pricing, samples and complete documentation (COA, MSDS, TDS) within 24 hours.
Or email source@cheloraagrochem.com